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ERPGenie.COM -> SAP Technical -> The Home to SAP R3 Basis -> Basis Starter Guide

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By: Tim van Steenbergen

Contents

1       SAP R/3................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1        Tables........................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2        Transactions........................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1         Daily maintenance............................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2         ABAP-related......................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.3         Backgroundjob-related....................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.4         Generally useful.................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.5         Functional transactions...................................................................................................................... 2

1.3        Commands.................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.4        ABAP reports............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.5        Profileparameters............................................................................................................................... 3

1.6        Userids.......................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.1         Userids on SAP R/3 level..................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.2         Userids on databaselevel.................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.3         Userids on OS-level.............................................................................................................................. 3

1.6.4         Userid for Supportpackages............................................................................................................... 3

1.6.5         Userid for STMS.................................................................................................................................... 3

1.7        Logfiles........................................................................................................................................................ 3

2       Database............................................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1        General databaseknowledge...................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1         Database-commands............................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.1.1       SQL Select-statements......................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1.2       SQL Alter-statements.......................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1.3       SQL Other statements.......................................................................................................................... 4

2.2        Oracle........................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.1         important files....................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.2         OSlevel-commands............................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.3         Brbackup/brrestore.............................................................................................................................. 4

2.3        MS SQL............................................................................................................................................................ 4

2.3.1         Stored procedures................................................................................................................................ 5

2.4        DB 2/400........................................................................................................................................................... 5

3       Operating system......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1        General........................................................................................................................................................ 6

3.1.1         ftp............................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1.2         General commands............................................................................................................................... 6

3.2        UNIX................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2.1         Simple commands................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2.2         A little more complex commands....................................................................................................... 6

3.3        NT..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4       General issues................................................................................................................................................. 8

4.1        SAP Tools..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.1         dbmon..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.2         gwmon..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.3         R3load.................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.4         R3setup................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.5         R3trans................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.6         sapdba, to be run as ora<SID>......................................................................................................... 8

4.1.7         saplicense, to be run from the ..\exe\run directory......................................................................... 8

4.1.8         saprouter................................................................................................................................................ 8

4.1.9         tp, to be run from the usr\sap\trans\bin............................................................................................ 8

1         SAP R/3

This document is created to get a comprehensive list of all actions that I have taken during the maintenance of the SAP. This to make sure that I forget as little as possible.

This document can be a good handle for basis consultants who are starting on the job.

1.1        Tables

DBSTATC

status of statistics-information per SAP-table

E070

Change-requests and their tasks and properties

E071

Objects in change-requests

KNA1

Necessary at sapscript-ABAP’s

MARA

Materiallist

PAT01, PAT03

Supportpackages and their status, also see table TEPSIN

TBATG

Holds runtime-transportinformation (don’t know yet what it exactly holds)

TBTCO

Batchjobinformation

TTZZ

Timezones.

USR01 ~ ...12

Userdata

1.2        Transactions

Good advise: don’t learn the transactioncodes by heart at first, but use the menu-paths. This way you will sooner get an overview of the systems possibilities.

1.2.1        Daily maintenance

SM21

Systemlog

SM37

Check the batchjobs

SM50/51

Show all processes on one server / all servers

SM66

Show all active process on the system

ST11

Display developer-traces

ST22

ABAP-dumps

1.2.2        ABAP-related

SE11

ABAP dictionary

SE16/SM30

Data browser/Table editor (3.1x’s SM31 is replaced by SM30)

SE37

Function builder

SE38

ABAP editor

SE41

Menu painter

SE51

Screen painter

1.2.3        Backgroundjob-related

RZ04

Operation modes

SM36

Create background job

SM37

Show background jobs

SM63

Operation mode calendar

SM65

Check backgroundjob-settings

1.2.4        Generally useful

AL11

SAP directories

DB02

Database performance: Tables and Indexes

PFCG

Profile generator

RZ10

Profile maintenance

SARA

Archiving

SCC4

Client change options

SE01

Transport organizer, use SE09 for ABAP-transports, SE10 for customizing transports

SE06 (4.x up)

System change options, see SCC4 for Client change options.

SE71

Maintain Layout-sets also known as sapscripts

SM02

System message

SMGW

Gateway administration

SMLG

Define logon-groups

SMLT

Language administration

SPAM

Support Package Manager

SPAU

ABAP-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import

SPDD

Data-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import

STFK

Search the customersystem that have an open connection to Walldorf

1.2.5        Functional transactions

MM01,2,3

Create, Modify, Display material data

PP01,2,3

Create, Modify, Display productionplant data

VA01,2,3

Create, Modify, Display sales order data

1.3        Commands

/$sync

Synchronise the buffers. ABAP’s on the application servers will be refreshed, so possibly changed. Not recommended on productionsystems in use.

/h

Turning on the debugging mode

/n

New command

/o

New session

1.4        ABAP reports

RDDIMPDP

Jobtriggerer. Starts the released batchjobs and tp-commands.

RDDNEWPP

To schedule RDDIMPDP, run this as DDIC in each targetclient

RMMMPERI

Periodclosing for MM. Gives problems regularly.

RSCOLL00

Collector for system- and databasedata. Usually runs every hour.

RSDBTIME

Check and repair inconsistencies in the clocks of a system

RSEPSUPL

Upload the patches available in /eps/in

31x

?RSSUPC??

Generates the profiles and activitygroups

RSPARAM

Shows the parametersettings of a running SAP-instance

RSPO1041

Delete old spoolrequests. This abap used to be RSPO0041 in older releases

RSTPTEST

Tests the transporttool

RSUSRxxx

User related reports (000 list active users, 002 userby comlex criteria, etc)

TOUCHALL

Generate all ABAP’s. Takes about 24 hours!

1.5        Profileparameters

rdisp/*

gui-parameters

rdisp/gui_max_wait

maximum time of no response (in 3.x: rdisp/gui_auto_logout)

1.6        Userids

1.6.1        Userids on SAP R/3 level

SAP*                Sapsuperuser, has all authorizations. Its default password is available in the OSS.

DDIC                Its default password is available in the OSS.

CPIC                 eh

1.6.2        Userids on databaselevel

SAPR3             User that connect SAP R/3 to the Oracle (or SQL or ..) database

OPS$                Oracle-only. Used to change passwords of OS-level userid’s. see OSS-note 50088

1.6.3        Userids on OS-level

<SID>adm                   os-administrator for unix-activities as creating logical volumes, filegroups, smit, smitty, etc

ora<SID>                     Oracle only: R/3-database administrator for SAPDBA-activities as brarchive, sapdba-analyze, brrestore, etc.

SAPService<SID>      NT-only: OS-user used for running the service SAPOSCOL

1.6.4        Userid for applying Supportpackages

During applying supportpackages (aka. hotpackages) you need to be logged on to client 000 with a userid other then SAP*, but with the same authorizations.

1.6.5        Userid for configuring and maintaining STMS

During changing the Transport Management System using STMS you need to be logged on as TMSADM in client 000 on the transportdomaincontroller.

1.7        Logfiles

SAP logs almost any action and has a lot of trace-options. Here is a short listing for them:

·         systemlog, viewed via transaction SM21, file stored in /work

·         developertraces, viewed via ST11 or SM50 and doubleclick the process (as of 4.x), stored in /work
dev_wX         log for workproces number X
dev_ms          log for workproces for the messageservice
dev_gw          log for workproces for the gateway
dev_disp       log for workproces for the dispatcher
dev_tp           log for workproces for the transports

·         startuplog, viewed via ST11

·         stderrx, viewed via ST11, 3 or 4 files, hold more errorstatements

·         trans.log, viewed via AL11, DIR_TRANS, transportlogfile

1.8        Traces

Tracefiles are very useful when analysing a problem.

·         ST05 (System, Utilities, Performance trace) allows you to set a trace per user, transaction, program or process-id.

·         SM50. Here you see the processes. Per proces you can see it’s corresponding tracefile via button ‘Show file’. The default trace-level is 1. You can change the tracelevel via Process, Trace, Dispatcher, Change tracelevel (of all processes, not per process).

2         Database

2.1        General databaseknowledge

Logging on to the database is done via:

·         Log on as ora<SID>

·         UNIX: svrmgrl (in Oracle 7.* this used to be ‘sqlplus’)

·         NT: sqldba72 (or svrmgr23, svrmgr30)

·         connect internal

2.1.1        Database-commands

2.1.1.1       SQL Select-statements

Select * from

useful fields

what does it do?

dba_roles;

 

 

dba_tables

where tablespace_name= ’SYSTEM’ and owner=’SYS’;

shows all systemtables

sys.dba_role_privs;

where grantee like ‘OPS$’;

show the roles of the OPS$-user, should be: CONNECT, RESOURCE and SAPDBA.

v$backup

 

shows which files are in backup mode

v$datafile;

 

to verify the correct execution

v$datafile

where status not in ('SYSTEM','ONLINE')

should be empty if SAP is online

v$dba_rollback_segs

 

Data of all rollback segments

v$log;

 

shows all logfiles (4) and which is active

v$logfile;

 

shows all physical logfiles (mirrored, so: 8)

v$nls_parameters

where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET';

returns the characterset with which the database is installed

v$recover_file;

 

should be empty if SAP is online

v$rollname

 

Name and number of all ONLINE rollback segments

v$rollstat

 

Number, status, optimal size, diff. capacity sizes etc. of all ONLINE rollback segments

The V$-files contain the dynamic performance tables which hold the runtime information of R/3. To see all V$-files listed, go to ST04, detailed analysis, button display V$ values.

2.1.1.2       SQL Alter-statements

alter database open;                                              

?alter database rename file '<device>:\<old path>\<old filename>' to '<device>:\<new path>\<new filename>';

alter system switch logfile; (4 times to perform four logswitches)

alter tablespace <tablespacename> end backup; the tablespace will end its status of being backed up.

2.1.1.3       SQL Other statements

analyze table <tablename> validate structure cascade;

drop tablename from ??; deletes the table from the database.

exit;         logging out

grant user1 to user2; copies the rights of user1 to user2

saposcol –v          show the version of saposcol

2.2        Oracle

2.2.1        important files

init<SID>.ora

init<SID>.sap

init<SID>.dba

2.2.2        OSlevel-commands

exit          logging out

lsnrctl start            start the oracle listener

lsnrctl status         shows the status of the listener

tnsping <SID>      tests the TNS-connection to the database

smit (or smitty)     characterbased menu for handling of filesystems, logical volumes, drives etc.

 

2.2.3        Brbackup/brrestore